Marx, Weber and Durkheim on historical forces
The nineteenth century in England was a transitional time from feudalism to capitalism, that was characterized by a rapid increase in industry and extreme poverty among the masses. In response to these conditions, a new concept of society, called socialism, came into being. However, despite the clash between those who believed in capitalism and those who advocated socialism, the real dispute was between those who believed in the power of individual ideas and those who emphasized the role of impersonal historical forces. A number of nineteenth century thinkers were concerned with the existing conditions and developed different ideas of bringing about change. For example, Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism addresses the role of religion in developing a capitalist mode of thinking. In Hard Times, Dickens highlights the plight of England’s poor and the role of industrialism in perpetuating poverty. Lastly, in The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels develop an alternative framework to capitalism that is founded on the abolishment of private property and the creation of a commonwealth society. Traditionally, capitalism has been associated with self-regulated individualism, and socialism, with dialectical ev
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Approximate Word count = 2273
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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