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Papers > Science > Choice of Runaway Reaction Scenarios
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Choice of Runaway Reaction Scenarios |
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Emergency Relief Systems to control Runaway Reactions are designed taking into account the occurrence of a two-phase release. ... Runaway reactions may occur in various pieces of equipment : reactors, distillation column boilers, pipes, high inventory storage tanks. ... These are accomplished by the reduction of runaway scenarios using high integrity interlocks, the prevention of runaway decompositions or polymerizations, and the reduction of inventories of reactive, flammable and toxic chemicals. ... Runaway reaction hazards are investigated through literature searches, thermal stability screening and experimental investigation of runaway reaction scenarios for normal and abnormal process conditions. ... - The heat of reaction in normal process conditions and the possible controlling reactant accumulation are obtained from reaction calorimetry. - The systematic investigation of runaway reaction scenarios is best achieved using low phi-factor pseudo-adiabatic techniques such as the Vent Sizing Package, where the process conditions / process deviations are reproduced. ... VSP tests provide both information on the severity of the runaway reaction and the data necessary for vent sizing. Various processes / process conditions are compared considering their possible runaway scenarios. ... The residual runaway reaction hazard is controlled using emergency relief systems. ... The phenol + formaldehyde runaway reaction, the vinyl acetate bulk polymerization and others. INTRODUCTION The most severe runaway reaction accidents occurred in the Chemical Industry were not caused by the reactor or vessel rupture. The pressure generated by the runaway reaction was released through an emergency relief vent, with significant liquid carryover. ... The aim of Process Safety in the field of runaway reaction hazards is not only to prevent vessels from bursting but also to design safe processes which will never cause pollution or injuries to the community. |
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Title: Choice of Runaway Reaction Scenarios
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