Cell CommunicationAP Biology
Cell signaling evolved early in the history of life. Signal-transduction pathway: the process by which a signal on a cell’s surface is converted into a specific cellular response. ... The three stages of cell signaling are reception, transduction and response. ... In response to a signal, a cell may regulate activities in the cytoplasm or transcription in the nucleus. Elaborate pathways amplify and specify the cell’s response to signals. THE CELL CYCLE Cell division: the continuity of life is based on this. Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair. Cell division distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells. Genome: a cell’s total hereditary endowment of DNA. ... Meiosis: yields daughter cells that have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle.