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Arab Israli Conflict
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The Arab Israeli conflict Fighting intensifies during the last few days of British rule. ... 14th may 1948 ‘ Ben Gurion announced Israelis existence and the neighbouring Arab governments responded with war. 30000 Arab soldiers then invaded Palestine and although they outnumbered the Jews, lack of organisation between the Arabs and distrust with the leaders caused them to fail. ... Israel took the coastal strip between tel aviv and Gaza and drove Arab forces out of northern Palestine. By early 1949, Israel controlled all of Palestine, except for the Gaza strip and the west bank Arab armies were forced to admit defeat. ... - The majority of Arab Palestinians fled Israel and became refugees. ... - Governments of Arab states were humiliated by the defeat. Arab leaders were discredited and lost power as a result. - Government of Syria was overthrown in 1949 - King Abdullah of Jordan was assassinated in 1951 - King Farouk of Egypt, lost power in 1952 - Israel Occupied most the land granted to the Arabs in 1948 (Partition plan) Effects on Palestinians Displacement of Refugees - 280,000 Palestinians moved to the eastern section of Palestine controlled by the Arab Legion - 70,000 went to Tran Jordan - 250,000-280,000 moved into camps in the Gaza region. ... They also argue that they were urged to do this by the Arab leadership. ... - According to some sources, the Arab League and the m mufti ordered Palestinians to reform where they were. ... - There sense of helplessness and fear was intensified by savage attacks by IDF (Israeli Defence Force) - Suggested that as part of Haganah plan to make Jews leave: - Propaganda - Burn Arab Houses. Effect of Creation of Israel on Arab Jewish Communities - By 1949, Arab states were hostile to their own Jewish communities (which had been around for centuries). ... - Israeli fears grew when surrounding Arab countries joined together to plan military operations. ... He was applauded throughout the Arab world. ... - By the mid 60“s a rivalry had arisen between Egypt and Syria for leadership of the Arab world. - To win support of other Arab nations Syria and Egypt both claimed to be more active against Israel this resulted in escalation of propaganda including speeches challenging Israel to war. ... - Faced with international isolation and being surrounded by Arab forces on the 5th June 57 Israel launched a preemptive strike. ... - The war had deep physiological effects for the both Arab and Israelis. ... They offered to give back all territory in return for peace with Arab states. - The Arab leaders rejected this offer at Khartoum in Sudan in September 1967. ... - Israel refused to give up its strategic territorial advantage before any negotiations had begun, and before any Arab state had accepted its right to exist. ... - As a result, the war began as a substantial Arab success. ... - During the war, 10 Arab oil producing countries placed an oil embargo on any country that supplied oil to Israel and threatened to cut oil production y 5 percent each month until Israel withdrew from all territories it had occupied since 1967. ... - The Soviet Union gave its total support to Egypt and Syria, replacing Arab forces arms losses promptly. ... - Arab Casualties numbered more than 18,000 while Israel“s numbered 2500. ... - The Arab use of oil embargos brought US pressure to bear to stop the war, demonstrating that Israel could not look to the US for unconditional support. ... - At the time of the 6-day war, much of the world was on the side of Israel, y 1973; there was more sympathy for the Arab position. - During the war, Arab oil producing countries placed a ban on countries, which supplied support to Israel. ... - The war strengthened the position of the US in the Middle East, as it was them that brought the conflict to an end. ... This would remove Israel as a source of Arab hostility. ... o Likud advocates retaining the occupied land and establishing settlements to alter ’reality on the ground“ How leadership changes affected the peace process - Until 1977, Labour governments oversaw the ceasefire during the Arab-Israeli wars. ... - When the US brought about pressure on Israel to look for peace, she was obliged to begin talks with the PLO and the Arab states. ... Arab Relations with the Superpowers - Seeking allies in the region to counter US support of Israel, the USSR provided aid to Egypt and other Arab countries during the 1950s and 60s. ... - The Arab states selectively embargoed Israel-friendly nations, resulting in European and Japanese calls for Israel to withdraw from Arab countries. ... - After the 1973 crisis, the US was careful not to alienate the Arab world. ... Reduction in oil sales also hurt the producer“s economies and downturns in the world economy affected the Arab“s poorer neighbours most. ... - Sadat was viewed by the Arab world as a traitor because he signed the peace treaty. Egypt was expelled from the Arab League on 31st March 1979. ... - Despite the negative response of the Israeli government to the Reagan plan, King Hussein spent the next three years trying to enlist the support of other Arab leaders, particularly Yasser Arafat, leader of the PLO. ... Following a number of changes the proposal renamed the Arab league at the 12th Arab summit conference in Fez, Morocco ratified the Fez Plan on the 9th September 1982. - In short the fez plan recommended the Arab league commit to UN resolutions 242 and 338. ... They had no longer had hope that Arab states would defeat Israel while the PLO had ban forced further a field to Tunis after the Lebanon war. ... - Jewish settlements in the occupied territories § The settlers enjoyed higher standards of living than that of their Arab neighbours. ... - Two apparent characteristics of the Intifada: § Civil disobedience in the form of strikes, tax revolts and a resignation of most Palestinian Arab policemen. ... The consequences of the Intifada - Worldwide opinion o The sight of young Palestinians throwing stones thrown a t well armed Israeli troops won worldwide admiration o Din the past Israel had often seemed the brave underdog, surrounded by a great number of Arab enemies. ... o At the Arab League meeting of June 1988, Sharif Arafat“s close advisor, revealed the PLO“s plan for a ” two state solution„. ... · Israel proposes free democratic elections a between the Palestinian Arab inhabitants of Judea, Samaria and Gaza. ... During this period the Palestinian Arab inhabitants of Judea, Samaria and Gaza will be accorded self-rule. ... By 1990 it was estimated that US$80 billion was owed to other Arab states. - In May that year, at the Arab League summit, Hussein failed to gain a reduction of his nations debt. ... - A meeting of the Arab oil producers in July 1990, Iraq accused the United Arab Emirates UAE of crippling Iraq“s economy by flooding the oil market, thus forcing prices down. ... This would have threatened the alliance against Iraq, as the Arab states wouldn“t have accepted a situation where they appeared to be allied with Israel. ... As there was a fear that Israeli involvement against Iraq could result in the withdrawal of Arab states from the coalition forces. ... - The Arab world weakened and divided by the war had come to realise how highly destructive any future wars could be in the Middle East. - By the end of 1991, there was a move towards regional security and a peace process between Israel, the Arab states ad the Palestinians that sought a common ground to make that security a reality. The Gulf Wars effect on the Arab Israeli conflict - Brought about a number of changes in the middle east: § Vastly altered relationship between Israel and its Arab neighbours. ... § US secretary of state, James Baker and Soviet Foreign minister Aleksander Bessmertnykh announced that after the war, great efforts would be made to establish a peace process between Israel, the Arab states and Palestine.
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Paper Information
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Title: Arab Israli Conflict
Words: 8809
Rating: None
Pages: 35.2
submitted by: badboytom05
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