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Al Andalus
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Muslims in Spain: al-Andalus
When thinking of Islamic states, the contemporary world lists countries like Iran, Pakistan and Jordan. Yet in he history of the world, there is an almost forgotten Muslim state- al Andalus, the great empire of the Muslims from North Africa that lasted from the year 711, the date of the first Muslim invasion in Spain, to the year 1492, when the last independent Muslim power in Granada was destroyed.
The history of al-Andalus is somewhat patchy. ... For example, one can find the entire history of the reign on al-Razi’s court (961-976) because of the survival of his court records; however the years from 1184-1210 are almost completely blank. There is one chronically, however, that has the most thorough history of al-Andalus on the market- “Muslim Spain and Portugal” by Hugh Kennedy. ... Andrews in London, Kennedy has taught generations of students about Christian and Muslim Spain and has written the authoritative history of al-Andalus. ...
The exact history of the conquest of al-Andalus is somewhat limited. ...
Under the first government of the new al-Andalus, coins were pressed using Arabic words, and a new government was established. ... The composition of this new government was made up of Berbers, the warriors, who, in needing extra forces for fighting the remaining resistance in al-Andalus, called up friendly troops from Syria. This action dramatically changed the population of al-Andalus, especially in rural areas which would become the heartland of the country. ... By 757, just 46 years later, the Muslim presence in Al-Andalus was clearly there to stay. ... However, the Umayyads, the other ruling class in al-Andalus, were cousins of Mohammed himself (31). Several battles later, the Umayyad’s took power from the Berber and established themselves as the rulers of al-Andalus (35). ... Yet one ruler who stood out in the early 800’s was Abd al-Rahman II. Only 30 when he took the seat of power, al-Rahman was experienced in military and political affairs from working in his father regime previously. Yet al-Rahman’s father was brutal toward the population, especially Christians, which al-Rahman saw as unnecessary. ... Rahman began a policy of mosque building and calling for jihad, holy war, to expand the al-Andalus empire. ... By the time al-Rahman died in 852, he had firmly established the Umayyad state in al-Andalus and had made it one of the leading powers in the Mediterranean. ...
Al-Rahman’s policy of expansion by jihad was a lasting idea. His next three successors used the policy to justify starting wars with neighboring powers to expand the direct rule of al-Andalus into other territories. ... One leader who was extremely successful with this policy was Abu Ja’far al-Mansur, who took power in 981.
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Paper Information
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Title: Al Andalus
Words: 2279
Rating: None
Pages: 9.1
submitted by: JuliaAJA
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