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Papers > Foreign > Mongol Occupation of China and Yuan Drama
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Mongol Occupation of China and Yuan Drama |
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Once I had the opportunity to visit a section the Great Wall in China near Beijing. ... Much more impressive is the fact that a certain nomadic tribe from the northern steppes of Asia was able to conquer and rule China, not to mention lands further beyond the borders of China. ... In the case of Mongol presence in China, when the nomadic tribe established rule over the Chinese, the Mongols brought with them a form of iron-fisted government China had not seen before. ... Before looking at the relationship between the Mongol rulers and the suppressed Chinese people, it is necessary to individually analyze each side. After establishing the position of the Mongols and China¡¦s relative position to the Mongols, an evaluation of the relationship between them can be drawn. ... This paper will approach the topic in three stages by answering the following questions; what was the governing style of the Mongols while in China? ... What overall effect did this have on China and the reactions of its people? ... Now, when looking at the government structure and the policies the Mongols implemented, one must consider the origins of the Mongol people. ... In the case of the Mongols in China, this holds true. After having established a presence in China, the Mongols soon realized that their way of life did not completely fit in with the already present dynastic system. ... Jacques Gernet stated that: ¡§In order to form durable political units and to continue their expansion, the Mongols had first to associate with themselves and employ in their service the peoples whom they had conquered, for they themselves were only a small minority in the midst of the very numerous and very different peoples which they united under their yoke¡¨ Gernet goes on to say: Yang 5 ¡§In order to exploit these peoples and wealth of China, these conquerors with little aptitude for peace-time activities and little trust in the sedentary inhabitants were obliged both to copy Chinese institutions and to call preferably on the former Khitan and Jurchen subjects of the Chin empire and also on foreigners from central Asia, the Middle East or Europe. ... Racial discrimination was ever present during the time of Mongol presence. ... Any murder of a Mongol by a Chinese involved the death penalty and the obligatory payment of a contribution to the funeral expenses, while the murder of a Chinese by a Mongol was punished by a mere fine. ... Confucian scholars were harshly looked down upon by the Mongols: ¡§According to our Great Yuan system, people are reckoned in ten classes. ... ¡§A new intellectual freedom was born and found its expression in the form of drama¡Kthe drama was to be the weapon of the conquered. ... Whether Mongol presence or the abolition of the civil service exam was to blame, the fact remains Yang 7 that drama flourished during the Mongol occupation, as it was one of the few outlets the Chinese had to vent all the pent up frustration they felt. These dramas that were born from the Mongol oppression were all directed towards the Mongol in subtle, clever ways. ¡§The playwrights saw to it that the Mongol rulers and their henchmen who oppressed them were ridiculed and their administration satirized¡¨ (Liu). |
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Title: Mongol Occupation of China and Yuan Drama
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