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Chapter Outlines
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History Chapter 21 1) Describe American Expansionism in the 1890s. (pg 612-616) a) sought to gain island possessions b) islands were already thickly populated c) Islands were intended for naval bases, tracking outposts, or commercial centers on major trade routes. d) Islands were viewed as colonies. e) Samuel F Bermis describes expansion as the “Great Aberration” f) Walter LaFeber describes the expansion as natural progression of U.S. expansionism. g) Factories and farms multiplied, producing more goods than the domestic market could consume. Both farmers and industrialists looked for new overseas markets. 2) Explain American foreign policy in the late 19th century. (pg 617-619) a) American foreign policy was rarely consistent. b) Foreign policy towards Europe promoted trade and tried to avoid diplomatic entanglements. c) In North and South America foreign policy was based on the Monroe Doctrine. i) American dreamed of annexing Canada or Mexico ii) A hope for extensive trade iii) Pan-American unity against the nations of the Old World d) In the Pacific, they coveted Hawaii and other outposts on the sea-lanes to China. 3) Describe the emergence of a new cadre of American political leaders. (pg 613-616) a) William Henry Seward, Secretary of State, aggressively pushed for expansive foreign policy. He developed a vision of an American empire stretching south into Latin America and west to the shores of Asia. His vision included Canada and Mexico; islands in the Caribbean as strategic bases; and Hawaii and other islands as stepping-stones to Asia b) In 1867, Seward purchased Alaska from Russia and was labeled “Seward’s Folly.” Seward was trying to annex Canada by sandwiching it between American territories. c) President Grant wanted to extend American influence in the Caribbean and Pacific, but then Secretary of State Hamilton Fish restrained him d) Grant dealt with the Alabama claims – demands that Britain pay the United States for damages to Union ships caused by Confederate ships that had been built in British shipyards. In 1871, the Treaty of Washington was signed which provided arbitration of the Alabama issue and other nettlesome controversies. The treaty was a landmark in the peaceful settlement of international disputes. It marked a significant step in cementing Anglo-American relationships. e) In 1870, Grant proclaimed the nontransfer principle – no territory on the American continent would be transferred to a European nation. f) James G. Blaine began to argue for the vital importance of foreign markets to continued economic growth. g) President Benjamin Harrison and Secretary of State James G. Blaine focused on Pan-Americanism and tariff reciprocity. h) October 2, 1889 first Inter-American Conference held in Washington i) President Grover Cleveland brought the U.S. precariously close to war with Great Britain over a boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana. 4) Explain events that brought on the Spanish-American War. (pg 621-623) a) Several times Cuban insurgents had rebelled against Spanish rule, including a decade-long rebellion from 1868 to 1878, called the Ten Years’ War. b) The depression of 1893 damaged the Cuban economy, and the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894 prostrated it. c) Taxes on sugar, Cuba’s lifeblood, were raised 40 percent d) In late February 1895, revolt again broke out e) Cuban insurgents established a junta in New York City to raise money, buy weapons, and wage a propaganda war to sway American public opinion. f) Spain committed more than 200,000 soldiers to pin the insurgents in the eastern part of the island where they could be cornered and destroyed g) The American battleship Maine was sent to Havana to demonstrate strength and protect American citizens. On February 15, the Maine was sunk with 266 lives lost. The Spanish were blamed for the sinking. 5) Explain why President McKinley asked Congress for a declaration of war against Spain. (pg 623) a) On March 27, President McKinley cabled Spain asking for an armistice, end the reconcentration policy, and the liberation of Cuba. b) Spain never answered the President McKinley’s message c) Spain did not create an armistice d) Spain also left the length and terms of the suspension of hostilities under the steward of the Spanish commander 6) Describe Spanish General Weyler’s attempt at “reconcentration” in Cuba and explain American’s response to the policy. (pg 622) a) In January 1896, Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau to end the revolt. Weyler gave the rebels ten days to lay down their arms. b) He then setup policy designed to move the native population into camps and destroy the rebellion’s popular base. c) Cubans were herded into fortified areas and died by the thousands as a result of unsanitary conditions, overcrowding, and disease. d) There was a wave of sympathy for the insurgents but President Grover Cleveland preferred Spanish rule to the kind of turmoil that might invite foreign intervention. President Cleveland issued a proclamation of neutrality and tried to restrain public opinion.
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Title: Chapter Outlines
Words: 4008
Rating: None
Pages: 16
submitted by: blee8283
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