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Papers > History > Confederate Submarine Hunley
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Confederate Submarine Hunley |
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... Hunley is coming home today. ... The concept of submarine navigation was not new in the 1860s. As early as the Revolutionary War, Americans had produced a small submarine to use in battle. The first submarine to be used in war was invented in 1776 by American inventor David Bushnell. ... On May 6, 1861 the Confederate Congress had passed an act recognizing the existence of a state of war between the Confederate States and the United States. ... McClintock and Watson had also designed and sold to the Confederate government a patented bullet-making machine. It was a natural step for these men to begin construction on the submarine, which would then be used as a privateer. ... Hunley. Hunley, a deputy collector of New Orleans customs, realized early in the War that it was imperative for the South to keep open supply lines through her seaports, and that the submarine could be just the implement of war to achieve that task. ... Remarkably, this three-man submarine proved to be quite seaworthy. ... With a Confederate commission as a privateer in hand, co-investor and pilot John K. ... Hunley, Watson, and McClintock arrived in Mobile, Alabama soon after the fall of New Orleans. ... With orders from General Dabney Maury, Hunley and his fellow investors entered the establishment with the intent to build their craft there. Maury ordered all work currently being done at the factory to be halted and all energies focused on the assembly of the second submarine. ... Hunley, Watson, McClintock, and their new partner William Alexander began designing and building the new sub. ... The failure of the American Diver was devastating both emotionally and financially, for Hunley had paid for the entire construction cost of the submarine. ... Fortunately, a group of engineers sympathetic to the Confederate cause formed in Mobile. ... On hand for this demonstration were the financial contributors and Confederate Naval Commander Admiral Franklin Buchanan. Either James McClintock or a new member of the Hunley crew, Lt. ... Hunley. ... On August 12, 1863, the submarine was mounted on two railroad cars and transported from Mobile. ... A cove was located behind Fort Moultrie on Sullivan Island in Charleston to house the Hunley. Horace Hunley finally arrived in Charleston on August 21. His first order of business was to order nine Confederate uniforms from the quartermaster. ... ”2 By clothing these men in Confederate uniforms, Hunley hoped to convey a sense of legitimacy for the boat and its crew. ... ” This was the tumultuous atmosphere into which the Hunley entered. The submarine, also known as the Porpoise, Fish Boat, and Cigar Boat, soon made numerous attempts at sinking Federal ships, but all were failures. The Confederate commanders in Charleston grew irritated and impatient, and became frustrated with McClintock and his crew. Soon after two stinging letters were sent to General Beauregard from Commander Thomas Clingman, the sub was confiscated by the Confederate Navy. ... Payne as the submarine’s new commander. ... Soon the submarine was making daily practice dives with her new commander at the helm. ... Just as the submarine cast off from a dock, Lieutenant Payne became entangled in a mooring rope. ... The Hunley sank quickly to a depth of 42 feet, closing the turret covers as it descended. The Hunley had claimed the first of what would be the lives of 22 brave men. General Beauregard and Flag Officer Tucker decided that it was critical that they raise the Hunley, recruit another crew, and place the boat back in service. ... In 10 days toil, with Confederate and Federal ironclads battling directly above their heads, Smith and Broadfoot raised the Hunley. ... The letter, written by Horace Hunley and addressed to Gen. Beauregard, proposed that the Hunley be returned to civilian hands. Hunley would re-crew her with men from Mobile. Beauregard, desperate to get an edge on the Northern navy, agreed with Hunley. ... He wanted the Hunley to remain under the command of military personnel. ... On the morning of October 15, 1863, the Hunley embarked on another practice run. At the helm was Horace Hunley himself, replacing Lt. ... Hunley took one final compass reading, closed the hatch, and headed out to sea. ... Again, the Hunley failed a mission, taking her entire crew, including her namesake, with her. ... As Dixon peered through his telescope, he knew that this was his opportunity to prove the Hunley’s worthiness. |
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Title: Confederate Submarine Hunley
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