Papers > Medical > Transcultural nursing female genital mutilation
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Transcultural nursing female genital mutilation
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Global And Transcultural Perspectives In Health Care. ... In the mid 1950’s Madeleine Leininger envisioned transcultural nursing as a formal area of study, realising that cultural variation meant that all people could not be treated within one system of care (Helman, 2001), since then, it is an expected standard. This essay attempts to explore such concepts with regard to female genital mutilation (FGM), which was chosen due to an interest in women’s health and to enhance personal knowledge. A reflective piece, using Gibbs (1988 cited in Burns and Bulman, 2000) cycle, is also utilised to assess the personal impact of the transcultural module. ... Although there is an international call to abolish this custom, many females have and are undergoing this procedure, therefore, it is necessary for nurses to become familiar with the implications and to incorporate appropriate planning into practice (Mwangi and Smith-Stoner, 2002), to avoid harmful, inappropriate and offensive nursing care (Leininger, 2003).
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines FGM as ‘All procedures involving total or partial removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons’ (WHO, 1997 p3), whilst the Foundation For Women’s Health Research and Development (FORWARD, 1992) suggest that FGM is the removal or injury of any part of the female genital organ; this is a broader description that caters for individual variances. ... This serves only as a guide as, in reality, the operator is a layperson (usually female) with limited knowledge of anatomy and surgical technique, and with no anaesthesia the girl may struggle, hence the extent of cutting and stitching varies considerably (Toubia, 1994). ... First sexual intercourse can only occur after painful dilation or cutting of the opening left, after mutilation (Amnesty International, 1997). ... If the woman does not speak English it can heighten stress and alienation, which compromises accessing and utilising healthcare services (Hilgenberg, 2002), hence it is essential to organise interpreters, who are female, to ensure the woman feels that the interpreter understands and advocates for her, and this also promotes informed consent (NMC, 2002). ... With discussion discouraged and viewed as a sign of weakness (Hopkins, 1999), there is little known, concerning psychological effects either (Wright, 1996), though Newman (1996) describes how memories of the original mutilation may trigger anxieties, depression, and neuroses, therefore, any form of examination could cause psychological as well as physical pain. ...
I undertook a module in global and transcultural issues in health care, which consisted of lectures, discussions and specific information about groups of people sharing the same culture. ...
To analyse, bringing transcultural issues into mainstream education must increase awareness and enable future nurses to give culturally competent care, which is a moral and legal obligation (Duffy, 2001). ... In future nursing practice I will remember that culture is only one aspect of the person and holistic and individual care must prevail, to recognize and respect the uniqueness of each person (NMC, 2002).
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Paper Information
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Title: Transcultural nursing female genital mutilation
Words: 3448
Rating: None
Pages: 13.8
submitted by: jackiebessford
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