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1. hobbes
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Hobbes |
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... Hobbes attributes man・s religious inclination s to fear and ignorance, especially ignorance of the causes of things. ... Hobbes believed that all human beings are equal, not in their bodily strength or in their mental capacity but in their vulnerability to being killed and capability of killing. ... Hobbes maintains that everyone ought to seek peace because in the state of nature life is so precarious, it is necessary to do whatever one can to get out of that state. ... Hobbes maintains, humans are motivated by only selfish interests. ... Hobbes makes it clear that some rights are inalienable, that is, cannot be given to anyone else. ... In other words, Hobbes placed a limitation on the covenants that could be made: no one could contract away self-preservation. ... The idea of transferring natural rights to an artificial man is integral to Hobbes・s idea of civil society, but it is also integral to creating peace between sovereigns in the law of nations: when rights are transferred, obligations are created. ... Moreover, Hobbes・s conception of punishment was rather specific. ... Hobbes asserted that the state of nature and civil society are opposed to one another. ... Hobbes was not a believer in democracy. ... Hobbes・s major principles went into the founding of American republic, including the doctrine of inalienable rights. ... Nonetheless, Locke rejected Hobbes・s idea of the legitimacy of absolute monarchy or ：absolute Arbitrary Power. ... There is an obvious faulty in Hobbes・s theory on the government. Hobbes claims, a government comes into existence with the appointment or institution of a ruler with absolute power, a power that effectively transcends all others. Within Hobbes・s theory, there exists no system of checks and balances, as known today. ... There are other problems in Hobbes・s theory. ... As Hobbes contends, humans are purely self-interested, but in fact many people have transcendent interests which focus on social, religious, or political communities. ... Last, Hobbes・s argument relies so heavily on humans being naturally self-interested and aggressive that he fails to consider the interaction between individuals and society. ... It is noteworthy that Hobbes point of view on human nature and how a government should be run differs from John Locke・s theory. Hobbes sees people as being run by selfishness whereas Locke says that people are naturally kind. In the state of nature, Hobbes says we have no rights but Locke suggests that we have natural rights, God-given rights. Hobbes suggests without authority mankind is selfish and egotistical. ... Hobbes states that the condition of people before government is short, solitary, poor, brutish, and disorderly. ... Hobbes sees the government or ruler as a powerful sovereign. ... Hobbes and Locke both do agree on that people have the right to overthrow the government. |
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Title: Hobbes
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