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How is globalization shaping the new conflict environment and how are peacekeepers responding How effective is
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How is globalization shaping the new conflict environment and how are peacekeepers responding? How effective is this response? (Using Private Security Companies as a case study)
Although the process of globalization has been intensified flowing the end of the cold war, it is by no means a recent economic phenomenon. The globalization of trade has been an ongoing process and a natural outcome of improving transport and communication since the time of the Silk Road. However since the 1980s globalization has come to incorporate other economic dimensions such as the reduction of the role of the state in international business (reduction in regulation and tariffs) and the increased emphasis on free trade or economic liberalization as a facilitator of the process of globalization. ... In terms of its effects on modern day peacekeeping globalization has led to both new difficulties as well as new possibilities. ... A positive aspect of globalization has been the growth of humanitarian Non-Government Organizations, which has facilitated the distribution of aid in conflict zones. However even this development has its critics who argue that humanitarian NGOs help prolong conflicts by reducing the devastating effects of war (like chronic shortages in food and essential services) and therefore allowing the belligerents to continue fighting where they otherwise would have exhausted themselves or each other, thus ending the conflict. The emergence of Private Security Companies (PSCs) during the 1990s is another outcome of the post cold war process of globalization (Shearer 1998: 71). ... Their role and possible usefulness depends on the functions which they perform in any given conflict situation, who they provide their services to and above all the financial ramifications of peace and stability as opposed to conflict and instability. For the purposes of this essay I will be using PSCs as a case study for discussing the effects of globalization, the response of international peacekeepers and the effectiveness of this response. ...
Since the end of the cold war mercenary groups have experienced increased demand and have adapted to the new global environment (Taulbee 2000: 434-435). ... The name mercenary is no longer used by such companies to describe themselves due to the fact that the term is loaded with negative connotations and does not portray the clean, professional, corporate image that the global business environment demands (Cook 2002; Mandel 2002: 9-10; MPRI 2003; Sandline International 2003). ... This is a clear example of the negative aspect of globalization following the collapse of the Soviet Union. ... Essentially this type of PSC specializes in upgrading old military structures in order to bring them into line with the modern military environment, through the use of Information and technology based warfare and increased co-ordination of forces. ... MPRIs involvement in the international conflict zones has had a direct impact on peacekeeping operations in those areas. ... As a result this border monitoring operation was effectively privatized; in the same way that globalization has meant that governments worldwide have privatized areas formerly under the direct responsibility of the state like utilities, communications or banks (Singer 2001: 187). However MPRI played a much more decisive yet secretive role in the Bosnian conflict. ... One reason for this is the fact that a UN presence in any conflict situation usually implies their impartiality to that conflict, also requiring the consent of the belligerents (under a chapter seven mandate). Therefore UN peacekeeping forces are restrained in their ability to use force to influence the outcome of the conflict in favor of one party over the other, even if it means a speedy resolution to that conflict (Shearer 1998:70). ... As with the rest of the deregulated business environment, some PSCs simply work for those who pay them more or promise them a greater share in the resources and profits generated from their exploitation. ... EO began its involvement in resources and precious metals through its involvement in the Angolan civil war during the 1990s, and was known to have provided its services to both sides of the conflict, the Forcas Armadss Angolanas (FAA) government forces and the National Union for Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) rebel forces (Adams 1999:108-109). ...
The use of mercenaries has been strictly forbidden under international law, however multimillion dollar deals with PSCs are allowed to proceed due to the deregulation of international trade, which itself is a direct outcome of the process of globalization (Shearer 1998: 71).
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Title: How is globalization shaping the new conflict environment and how are peacekeepers responding How effective is
Words: 3469
Rating: None
Pages: 13.9
submitted by: SirMez
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