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1. Nigeria
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Nigeria |
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... Introduction Nigeria is a natural gas and oil rich country that is bordered by Benin on the west, Niger and Chad to the north, Cameroon to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to its south. ... Nigeria is about twice the size of California. Nigeria’s climate varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north. Nigeria has very serious problems with soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization that effect its growing economy. Nigeria’s population is just under 130 million with a growth rate of 2. ... Tragically like most African nations Aids is taking a devastating toll on Nigeria with an Aids rate of 5. ... This was most notably recognized when President Bush visited this past year, in recognition of this achievement and Nigeria’s Aids epidemic. ... The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, which is contingent on economic reform. The agreement was allowed to expire by the IMF in November 2001, however, Nigeria appears unlikely to receive substantial multilateral assistance in its future. ... In 1900, the companys territory came under the control of the British Government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. In 1914, the area was formally united as the "Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria." Administratively, Nigeria remained divided into the northern and southern provinces and Lagos colony. ... This leads me to believe that Nigeria has been stuck in the dependency theory of advancement. Even when with the assistance of western oil companies to modernize their efforts towards oil exploration, because of Nigeria’s corruption and lake of political influence they remain dependent. The sharp decline in oil prices, economic mismanagement, and continued military rule characterized Nigeria in through 1980s. ... USAID committed $135 million to bilateral assistance programs for the period of 1986 to 1996 as Nigeria undertook an initially successful Structural Adjustment Program, but later abandoned it. ... As a response to the Nigerian military governments plans for delayed transition to civilian rule, the Peace Corps closed its program in Nigeria in 1994. ... Government interaction with and support to the Government of Nigeria. Since that time, USAID has supported Nigeria to sustain democracy and to improve governance by providing training on the roles and responsibilities of elected officials in a representative democracy for newly elected officials at the federal, state, and local levels prior to their installation in May 1999 and assisting with conflict prevention and resolution in the Niger Delta, civil military relations, civil society, and political party development. In the economic area USAID supports programs in strengthening economic management and coordination, encouraging private sector development and economic reform, helping Nigeria reap the benefits of AGOA, improved agricultural technology and marketing and smallscale and microenterprise development. ... With this tragic history this analysis and the factors attributing to it have left Nigeria with dependency that will continue for some time. ... Religion and Politics Nigeria’s religious beliefs are 50% Muslim, 40% Christian, 10% indigenous beliefs. ... Nigeria’s most important political development in recent history is its new constitution in adopted in1999. ... By 1974, the United States had provided Nigeria with approximately $360 million in assistance, which included grants for technical assistance, development assistance, relief and rehabilitation, and food aid. ... Ethnic-cultural divisions The most populous country in Africa, Nigeria accounts for approximately one-quarter of West Africas people. ... The ethnicity of Nigeria is so varied that there is no definition of a Nigerian beyond that of someone who lives within the borders of the country. ... As a result, about three hundred ethnic groups comprise the population of Nigeria, and the countrys unity has been consistently under siege. ... In Nigeria, the ethnic groups are occasionally fusions created by intermarriage, intermingling and/or assimilation. ... These three groups comprise only 57 percent of the population of Nigeria. ... Nigeria is an area the size of the state of Texas in which over three hundred different languages are spoken, and in which the same number of separate cultures desperately try to retain their identity. ... Traditional or tribal society in Nigeria expected women to be significant wage earners in the family. ... These traditions still survive in modern Nigeria today. ... In pre-colonial Nigeria, women had a much larger position in politics. ... As western values gained influence in colonial Nigeria, women lost some of their traditional rights. For the most part, women in Nigeria have not attempted to rise in their male dominated society and patriarchy continues to thrive. ... Agrarian reform and politics of rural change Before the colonial period, the area which comprises modern Nigeria had an eventful history. ... In the south central part of present-day Nigeria, as early as the 15th and 16th centuries, the kingdom of Benin had developed an efficient army; an elaborate ceremonial court; and artisans whose works in ivory, wood, bronze, and brass are prized throughout the world today. ... Then in the more recent history of the political change Nigeria ran through several reform efforts after the British sphere of influence which followed the Napoleonic wars, they were; the Second Republic, the Abortive third republic, Abubakars transition to civilian rule, and finally The Obasanjo Administration. ... In 1979, five political parties competed in a series of elections in which a northerner, Alhaji Shehu Shagari of the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), was elected president. ... The Abubakar government released two imprisoned leaders of the petroleum sector unions, Frank Kokori and Milton Dabibi; abolished two decrees that had removed elected leadership from the Nigeria Labour Congress and the oil workers unions; and allowed leadership elections in these bodies. ... The Obasanjo Administration emergence of a democratic Nigeria in May 1999 ended 16 years of consecutive military rule. ... Currently, Nigeria has three major political parties. ... Nigeria re elected Obasanjo as President. ... Rapid urbanization and the politics of the urban poor The execution of Ogoni an environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa in November 1995 attracted international attention to the plight of the Ogoni people and other minority groups in the oil-producing areas of Nigeria. ... Revolutionary change/Soldiers and politics Corruption and lack of a dedicated protection force for political figures in the past caused major problems in Nigeria. |
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Title: Nigeria
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