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Edge Effect |
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What is Edge Effect? The term ‘Edge Effect’ was first used by wildlife ecologists to explain the particular richness of species at edges between two ecosystems (Leopold, 1933), and was applied on forest edges to increase species richness by management. ... More recently edge effects have been characterized as “the result of interactions between two adjacent ecosystems when the two are separated by an abrupt transition”. The concept comprises a wide range of processes that occur at edges, but refers particularly to the influence of flows of energy, nutrients and species across the mutual edge of adjacent ecosystems, resulting in a change of species composition, structure and ecological processes at the edge. ... Causes of Edges In recent years, biologists have realized that one of the most important consequences of habitat fragmentation is a dramatic increase in the amount of habitat edge. ... Roads: Roads create edge habitat along its both sides, potentially at the expense of interior habitat. ... (Although this is not a cause of fragmentation in the Pawnee grassland) The Effects To understand the effects of edges due to fragmentation, we should first look into the concept of Edge Width. Forman defines Edge Width as “The distance between an outer border and the point in the forest or grassland where micro-climate and vegetation do not differ significantly from interior conditions”. Different authors have different opinions regarding edge width. ... A few authors have hypothesized that edge effects potentially could occur over large spatial scales, on the order of 1-5 miles. |
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Title: Edge Effect
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