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Papers > Science > Investigation to determine the effect of change of concentration of acid on the rate of reaction
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Investigation to determine the effect of change of concentration of acid on the rate of reaction |
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An Investigation to determine the effect of change of concentration of acid on the rate of reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid. Aim To investigate the effect of the concentration of acid on the rate of reaction between Calcium Carbonate (marble chips) and Hydrochloric Acid. This is proposed to be done by measuring the rate at which Carbon Dioxide is given out in the reaction or by measuring the mass change throughout the reaction: Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid ą Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ą CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) Background Knowledge Theory behind reactions In order for particles to react, they need to firstly collide with each other and secondly have sufficient energy for reaction. ... The rate of reaction tells us the speed of the reaction of how fast the reactants react to form the products. Hence, the rate of a reaction is a measure of the change that happens in unit time. Factors affecting the rate of reaction 1. Surface Area If a solid reactant is broken down or crushed into smaller pieces the rate of reaction increases because smaller pieces of the same mass of solid have a greater surface area compared to larger pieces of the solid. Therefore, the chance and frequency of a collision between the reactant particles and the solid increases and the speed of the reaction increases as well. ... This results in more energetic collisions and increases the speed of the reaction. ... Concentration Increasing the concentration of a liquid reactant increases the probability and the frequency, of collisions between the two reactants because there are more particles in the same volume and they are closer together. Low concentration Higher Concentration 4. Catalyst A Catalyst is a substance that can alter the speed of the reaction without changing themselves. Catalysts increase the rate of reaction by helping to break the chemical bonds in the particles reacting. ... Measurement of the rate of a reaction In the following reaction: Magnesium + Sulphuric Acid ą Magnesium Sulphate + Hydrogen, The rate can be measured by finding the amount of reactant used up per unit of time or the amount of product produced per unit of time, i. ... : · The amount of Magnesium used up every 10 seconds or · The amount of Sulphuric Acid used up every 10 seconds or · The amount of Magnesium Sulphate being formed every 10 seconds or · The amount of Hydrogen being formed every 10 seconds. If, in a reaction, a heavy product like Carbon Dioxide is formed, one can measure the rate the rate of reaction by measuring the change in the mass of the reactants over unit time: If a lighter gas like Hydrogen is produced, it is difficult to record the change in mass. ... Sulphur) is formed in a reaction (e. ... Sodium Thiosulphate plus Acid), the rate can be recorded by observing through a conical flask. One can record how long it takes for a mark under the flask to get obscured by the precipitate: Mixą ą ongoingą Watch stopped Hypothesis and Justification The principal hypothesis of this investigation is: The rate of reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate will increase with the increase in concentration of the Acid; i. ... there will be positive correlation between the rate of reaction and the concentration of the acid used. The rate of reaction should be directly proportional to the concentration of the Hydrochloric Acid. The second prediction is that there will be a negative co-relation between the time taken for the reaction and the concentration of the acid. During the course of the reaction, the rate of reaction will increase very steeply initially. As the reactants start getting used up, the initial rate slows down. ... After this point the rate will level off because all the reactants have used up to form new stable and unreactive products. ... the higher the concentration of those particles) the more likely they are to collide with each other. The reaction takes place when the acid and the marble chips collide (Collision Theory). There is a greater probability and frequency of the acid particles hitting the surface of the marble chips and reacting. The rate will double as the concentration of the acid doubles because there are twice as many acid particles to react with the Marble chips. |
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Title: Investigation to determine the effect of change of concentration of acid on the rate of reaction
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