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Papers > Science > Immunity in humans animals and plants
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Immunity in humans animals and plants |
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Immunity The Immune system identifies foreign material and materials of the body. ... Non – Specific Immunity This applies general barriers to any kind of foreign material. ... Specific Immunity Specific Immunity (the third line of defence) is where the immune system creates a specialist defence for the particular infecting disease. a) Cells Involved in Specific Immunity There are two main types: B cells, which mature in bone marrow, and T cells, which leave the marrow pre-maturely, and complete their growth in the thymus. ... Immunity resulting from antibodies is humoral immunity. ... Immunity involving these, and phagocytes is cellular immunity. ... Acquiring Specific Immunity Specific (or acquired) immunity occurs only after a person comes into contact with the disease. ... a) Active Immunity i) Natural active immunity Antibodies only begin to form after a disease is encountered. ... This is naturally acquired immunity. ... ii) Induced active immunity Vaccines are controlled amounts of particular weak (dead or treated (attenuated)) disease causing micro – organisms. ... This allows immunity to toxins to occur. ... b) Passive Immunity Passive immunity occurs where the antibodies are not made by the person being infected. ... 32) i) Natural passive immunity During foetal development, the mother’s antibodies transfer to the fetus through the placenta. ... ii) Induced passive immunity For people at high risk of infectious diseases (such as hepatitis) another person’s specific antibodies can be injected to prevent infection for a brief period. ... Adverse events associated with immunity a) Allergies Mast cells are immune cells involved in allergic responses. ... h) Do plants have an immune system? Although plants do not have a specific immune system, they are pathogen resistant. ... ii) Chemical barriers Some plants produce chemicals which either act as antibiotics, or seal off the area of infection. Research is being conducted into breeding plants with higher disease resistance. |
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Title: Immunity in humans animals and plants
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