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Papers > Science > Modern Crisis The Plight of the Coral Reef Communities of Jakarta BayN Geoffrey MacIntyre
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Modern Crisis The Plight of the Coral Reef Communities of Jakarta BayN Geoffrey MacIntyre |
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Introduction Jakarta Bay, on the Indonesian island of Java, was once a coral reef wonder. ... "The unrivalled splendour and wealth of forms and the delicate tints of the coral structures, the brilliant colours of fishes, clams, sea anemones, worms, crabs, star fishes and the whole rest of reef animals are so attractive and interesting that it seems impossible to give an adequate description of such a profusion of serene and facinating beauty." [1] Umbgrove not only observed the life of Jakarta bay, he counted 96 species of hard coral there. By comparison, the entire Caribbean Sea contains about 50 hard coral species. Today, Jakarta Bays coral communities are "Functionally dead". In fact, all of the coral reefs in Jakarta Bay have been so degraded that "None of them can be considered functional reef communities". ... [2] This paper will outline the major problems that have impacted the health of Jakarta Bay, and will suggest methods by which Jakarta Bay and the surrounding area might be rehabilitated. While Jakartas coral reef communities may be gone forever, rehabilitation methods outlined for Jakarta Bay may be applied to other areas that are threatened with the same fate, but are less degraded at present. Jakarta: The Worlds Skankiest Megacity A coral researcher who recently visited Jakarta described it as a nightmare. ... Jakarta is Indonesias capital and its largest city, with a population of 11. ... The population of Jakarta has skyrocketed in the last 40 years. ... In Jakarta resides 33% of the island of Javas population, and over 16% of Indonesias population. ... [4] Indonesians who call Jakarta home suffer from some of the worlds most unlivable urban conditions, including hazardous air and water pollutions levels. ... The backbone of the citys sewage system is open canals that drain into rivers or Jakarta Bay. ... The World Bank has evaluated air pollution in Jakarta and found a serious suspended particulate matter problem, moderate levels of ozone, and moderate levels of carbon monoxide. ... (Some corals have ways of removing limited amounts of sediment, but large amounts will destroy any coral that requires photosynthesizing zooxanthelle to live. ... This not only destroys corals that make up the structure of coral reefs, but anything else that requires oxygen to live- virtually all life but sulfur-fixing bacteria. |
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Title: Modern Crisis The Plight of the Coral Reef Communities of Jakarta BayN Geoffrey MacIntyre
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