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Taxonomy
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6th Period Patrick Ng AP Bio Assignment 8/18/03 Chapters 24 – 25: Systematics 1. Evolution and systematics are linked because systematics can explain the process of evolution. Systematics plays a central role in biology by providing the means for characterizing the organisms that we study. Through the production of classifications that reflect evolutionary relationships it also allows predictions and testable hypotheses. When one divides organisms into artificial groupings, it is not to imply a relationship inside the groups, but to informally group the taxa on the basis of biological traits simply for convenience or heuristic reasons. However, these groupings cannot be justified once other features are considered and the similarities must be attributed to convergent evolution rather than homology (similarities derived forma common ancestor). Ideally, the testing of the relative reliability of behavioral and ecological traits for natural groupings relies on their incorporation with other characters for phylogenetic analysis using cladistic methodology, or subsequently mapping them onto previously established cladograms. In either way the sequence of evolutionary change of these traits can be hypothesized and levels of homology/convergence compared with those of morphological characters. Obviously those traits showing the least convergence (or homoplasy) are the most useful for classification. 2. Binomial nomenclature is used to name species using a two-part Latinized name. This naming scheme selects one name for the genus and one name for the species. Carolus Linnaeus first developed binomial nomenclature although his taxonomic scheme in plants initially relied only upon the sexual parts of plants since he was basing his idea from God’s original, immutable creation of all species. Current naming schemes use Linnaeus’s binomial nomenclature, but classify species based on their evolutionary relationships, determined by genetics, biochemistry, and morphology. Leopard – Panthera pardus Striped skunk– Mephitis mephitis European otter– Lutra lutra Domestic dog – Canis familiaris Wolf – Canis lupis 3. The two southern populations of Monterey and Large-blotched salamanders are truly different species since no hybridization occurs in some of the locales where the ranges of coastal and inland populations overlap.
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Paper Information
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Title: Taxonomy
Words: 1659
Rating: None
Pages: 6.6
submitted by: chessmcp
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