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Using two contrasting sports teams of your choice discuss the productivity of the team and the |
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... I am going to look at the relationship between Andy Cole and Teddy Sheringham and how that affected the group cohesion within the team (if any as they won the treble during the troubled period between the two) and how players like Roy Keane and Eric Cantona had such an influence on the team as a whole. I will also compare Manchester United with the England Cricket team who spend almost the year with each other including spending four months away from home in a different country with each other and how that helps the team bond. I am also going to be look at how stress and anxiety can effect and influence sporting performance and try to set a few methods of dealing with these two barriers. ... This is especially evident within teamwork and team cohesion. There are many elements that can help team cohesion and certainly things that can hinder it. ... If you dont get along with your team-mates or captain then it is hard to perform up to your full potential. ... Teams show different levels of cohesion throughout development, A team although has to survive and work together in order to establish success. It is feasible to expect those teams in the initial stage of development to show a lower level of performance as all constituent parts of the team are being formed. This is defiantly something that can be seen if you look at the history of Manchester United, when Alex Ferguson was appointed he didn’t find immediate success I think it was four years before he won a trophy, nowadays he would have been sacked a long time ago, but when he was given time to develop his team they became extremely successful. The same could be said about Arsene Wenger when he came to Arsenal, he turned them from better than average team to the best team in the country in around six years, a team needs time to develop it can rarely become successful in a short period of time. ... Social Cohesion: - the degree to which members of a sport team or group like each other and relate socially to each other. Task Cohesion: - the degree to which performers work together to achieve a team goal. To be a good team you need communication. Good communication means that you discuss everything together, so you are all constantly on the same page. ... Andy Cole and Teddy Sheringham played together for Manchester united for four years and for 2 and a half of them they weren’t on speaking terms, and certainly weren’t friends but respected each other’s role within the team. In team sports it is essential for each member of the team or side to work together and for a common aim or goal. ... For example team bounding such as group holidays or team building weekends, there are many other ways in which you can build the atmosphere and cohesion of a team. The team should all share the same objective or aim, for example for Newcastle United it could be to qualify for the champions league, it is important that everyone in the team follow the common aim of the team. There has been a great deal of research over the past few years into team-work and group cohesion, you only have to look at what South Korea achieved in the world cup to see how important team-work can be. They were a team with no real world-class players but their teamwork helped them reach the semi-finals of the world cup. When your taking part in an individual sport the spotlight is very much on you and no-one else, everything you do is noticeable, this is very much different in team sports, there is usually at least 11 players and it can be easy to social loaf and let the team drag you along, and it can be easy not to perform to your best ability as you may think that if I don’t perform it doesn’t matter as there are ten other players. I think this could be even more of a case in rugby where there are fifteen players, and although you may not think it affects the team if you don’t perform to the 100%, it actually can have a huge affect. If has been discovered that as the size of a team increases the effort of each individual decreases, for example in an individual sport a performer will 100% effort, and their effort in a team of two could decrease to 93%. In a three-man team the effort percentage would have dropped to 85% and in a team of eight it would be as low as 49& of his maximum effort. ... · Individuals disliking hard work and assuming that their lack of effort will not be noticed within the overall team performance. ... These are some of the main ways in which social loafing has been widely minimised by players: By Davis, Bull and Roscoe · Believing that their contribution within the team is identifiable · Understanding and accepting their own particular responsibilities to the team · Knowing what it’s like to play other roles in the team, e. ... Coaches who are aware of social loafing should: By Davis, Bull and Roscoe · Identify situations where loafing might occur, recognising that fatigue is inevitable in lengthy competitions and that players sometimes need to coast temporarily · Publicly acknowledge individual performance in a game · Discuss loafing as a general issue with the team as a whole, but in private with the individuals to possible reasons for loss of motivation or effort. Social loafing is the tendency for people in groups or teams to exert less effort than if they were performing individually. Mulvey, Bowes-Sperry, and Klein (1998) found that the presence of a social loafer in a real-life work group was related to lower group satisfaction and lower group productivity. The present study conceptually replicates this research, but experimentally manipulates loafing in a simulated task and measures individual satisfaction and individual productivity. Participants (N = 51) were randomly assigned to work groups with a hardworking or a "loafing" team member. ... Contrary to predictions, however, individual productivity did not differ across conditions. ... edu Although you may think that if one person out of eleven doesn’t put the effort in that it wouldn’t affect a team a great deal, it affects it in many ways including moral of the team. You could look at West Ham at the moment there are probably three or four players in their team at the moment just collecting their wage packet at the end of the week and not putting too much effort in for the team cause, Frederic Kanoute would probably be the best example as it looks as though he couldn’t care less about West Ham, this is obviously having a negative effect on the team as whole probably not the main contributor to the teams poor form but it certainly adds to the trouble. ... As the saying goes, no one player is bigger than the team; a team doesn’t make up one player. ... For a team to be performing at its best all members need to work together and interact effectively. But this can sometimes be hard to achieve and many teams will under perform. ... Until this season Chelsea had under performed, they were known for beating the big teams, such as the Arsenals, the Liverpool’s and the Man Utd’s but often came unstuck against the lies of Charlton and Bolton. Steiner’s equation is good to look at for team productivity. ACTUAL = POTENTIAL _ LOSSES DUE TO PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVTY FAULTY PROCESSES Converted to team sports it would be seen as: TEAM = POTENTIAL _ EFFECT OF CO-ORDINATION AND SUCCESS SUCCESS MOTIVATION PROBLEMS DEFINITIONS by Davis, Bull and Roscoe ANXIETY: - a subjective feeling of apprehension. ... COHESION: - the extent to which a sports team or group get on with each other and work together to achieve their goals. There are two forms: social cohesion and task cohesion. ... , 1990), And the Catastrophe Model (Hardy & Fazey, 1987), are the two theories that have emerged in recent years. ... SPORTS COACH IDEAS ON MOTIVATION Drive Theory According to the Drive Theory (Clark Hull 1943) if an athlete is appropriately skilled then it will help them to perform well if their drive to compete is aroused - they are "psyched up". ... Catastrophe Theory Catastrophe Theory suggest that: · Stress and anxiety will influence performance · Each athlete will respond in a unique way to competitive anxiety · Performance will be affected in a unique way, which may be difficult to predict using general rules. ... The stress experience has usually been linked to negative perceptions of a stimulus; this perception is usually an individual thing not a team related perception. ... Group: - two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other person. ... So in that way there are two sections to a group, a primary group and then a secondary group. ... These might be groups we are actually members of or they might no - for example, people will often compare themselves with and identify with rock stars or sports persons, though they are neither rock stars nor sports persons themselves. ... Definition by McGrath There is often conflict between the interests of individual players and the team. ... The best way to solve the problem of someone being selfish within your group or team is to educate them, you have to instruct about the consequences of their selfish behaviour (never passing the ball in football could lead to losing the ball too much), usually you will find a slight, but reliable, increase in co-operation. TEAMWORK Teamwork is a hard word to define but here are some characteristics that can be used to help create a definition: · Clear boundaries · Meets deadlines · Individual and mutual accountability · Open- ended discussion · Benefits from diverse skills · Depends on co-operation · Collective work products · Interdependence · Definite tasks to perform · Small number of members · Active problem solving · Shared leadership For the past decade the most successful football team in England has been Manchester united, it has only been recently that their grip on the premiership is finally been loosened, yet they are still among the top three teams in the country. Granted they are probably the most financially successful club in the world but they have built a successful team in many different ways over the past twenty years. ... The Manchester United team are greeted at every home game by 67,00 screaming fans. ... Only two teams have taken the premiership title away from Manchester United since the introduction of the premiership in 1992, there were Blackburn Rovers in 95 and twice Arsenal in 98 and 2002. ... Over the past 16 years Sir Alex Ferguson has built a team through buying and more substantially Manchester United very productive youth system. Of the current squad nine of them have bee promoted from the youth system, thus not costing the team any money from transfer fees. ... Manchester United being the most successful side over the past decade are the perfect team to analyse in terms of the importance of teamwork. ... For many a team with players of different nationalities it is important that they play as a team, as nowadays with all the big names in football it is easy for a team to have a bunch of individuals playing for themselves, you can have the all the star players in the world but if you don’t play as a team you will rarely be successful. The team with the players that work with task cohesion rather than social cohesion will be the most successful. There are certain things a manager or a coach can do to bring a team together and get them playing as a team. ... When talking about teamwork there is another word that comes into the equation, Team spirit. Team Spirit is the force, which drives high performance teams to bloom into excellence. Team spirit is something that can replace skill in some situations; if you have enough team spirit to take you that little bit further it can be a replacement for skill. ... This has been their biggest achievement of their modern era, instead f just accepting they had lost their chance of winning the title they carried on and their team spirit kept them going until the final whistle. ... Diagram by Barry Heerman The diagram shows the areas in which all teams need resources to be able to function well. But even with all these pieces in place, many teams never reach the level of high performance. Something is missing… and the something is Team Spirit. By reducing dissonance and increasing specific kinds of consonance, Team Spirit multiplies the team’s natural energy, much as a small number of marching soldiers can amplify the rhythm of a suspension bridge to an amazing extent. Team spirit can keep you going that little bit longer for example through extra time even though you are tired the team spirit can drag you tired limbs through an extra thirty minutes. Team Spirit operates on the various elements making up the team and enables the team truly to pull together and become whole. Diagram by Barry Heerman Developing mutual respect is an interesting point when talking about Manchester United, for over two years and during probably their most successful period under Sir Alex Ferguson two of their main players weren’t on speaking terms. ... The rumour at Old Trafford was that the pair didn’t speak a word to each other in two. Cole admitted that there was a rift between the two, which all started over a goal which Bolton scored against Manchester United in 1998, but said it did not affect the two players when they were on the pitch. ... However, staggering how two people who play football with each other everyday of the week cannot speak with each other for two years. ... Did Dwight Yorke have to pass on messages between the two? ... It is a credit to Ferguson that although there were two players who were not on speaking terms he made sure that this rift didn’t disrupt team morale or disrupt the team work and team spirit within the club. ... Throughout the 90’s Ferguson’s teams were a mix of home based players and foreigners, so it is important that they played as a team especially with language difficulties each foreigner player has a different view on how football should be played but unless everyone shares the same ideas, views and attitude the team will never work well together. ... If this sort of situation arises in can disrupt the team entirely. Ferguson has been known for letting you know where you are doing someone wrong; also he is the ideal person to get teams workings as a team. You also have to have a balanced team, and in many peoples eyes the introduction of Juan Sebastian Veron has been a detrimental signing to the team. ... After spending a season with the team he looks as though he has bonded with his teammates and looks a settled player and has played well this season. As I have already stated in my assignment, the most important ingredient of team sports sport sis that you play as a team, you all work together. If you do that even the teams with less ability can perform better, and often weaker teams can beat bigger teams but working more as a team than their opposition. During the 90’s Manchester United built their success upon team-work, right from their first successful title season in 92/93 they worked as a team. Even bonding by recording team songs, however poor the songs turn out. ... Later in the 90’s as they developed more as a team certain players became influential and stars in their own right, players like Ryan Giggs, Paul Ince and Eric Cantona. Cantona in time began United’s most influential player, with positive and sometimes negatives effects on the team. ... Eric Cantona could effect the team in many ways, his skill on the pitch could do nothing but help Manchester United, but unfortunately his temperament didn’t help them at all, he was sent-off over five times for United and was also banned for ten months for assaulting a fan in the crowd during a match against Crystal Palace. |
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