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Orgins of the Internet |
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A research effort in the Department of Defense’s Advanced Projects Research Agency led to many of the innovations that power today’s Internet. ... Jackson Bill Gates, speaking of computers and the Internet, has declared, “We’re only at the beginning of what the computer can do to change our lives. ... ” The Internet has quickly become omnipresent. ... households have access to the Internet, and almost all businesses connect to it. ... Today’s Internet The Internet is an interconnected set of computer networks. ... But the Internet can carry almost any type of communications, including radio programs, telephone calls, video clips, video game connections, and text chat (instant messaging). ... The interconnection of many such networks brought the Internet into being. ... For computers that are not connected to a local network, a whole industry permits Internet use via dial-up telephone connections. Many people, including scientists and politicians, now regard the Internet as essential. “Everybody ought to have access to the Internet,” said President Clinton in a speech to high school students in Washington, D. ... ” Today, more than 100 million computers are connected to the Internet, up from fewer than one million 10 years ago. The rapid growth hides the fact that the Internet developed from modest research projects that began over 30 years ago. Beginnings The Internet depends on three separate developments: the evolution of networking technology, the widespread use of modern computers in offices and homes, and a reliable, high-capacity telecommunications system. A research effort in the Department of Defense’s Advanced Projects Research Agency (known over the years as ARPA or DARPA) led to many of the key networking innovations that power today’s Internet. ... The Internet was a team effort. ... Licklider, then working at ARPA, started up the research effort that led to the Internet. In the 1970s, Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf designed the TCP/IP protocols on which the Internet runs. ... The Internet’s success also depended on improvements in other technologies, notably electronics and communications. ... These projects led to an early computer network, called ARPANET, which morphed into the Internet when a military subnet split off from the more academic ARPANET in the early 1980s. A key component of the Internet is a set of networking rules or standards (also called protocols) known as TCP/IP, short for transmission control protocol/Internet protocol. ... They have been added to and refined, but their original design still governs the heart of the Internet. ... Use of the Internet for communications within the academic community spread from computer scientists to other scientists—physicists, chemists, medical researchers—and then throughout academia. As increasing numbers of academics and government workers were connecting to the Internet, the commercial community discovered it as well. |
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Title: Orgins of the Internet
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